CBSE Class 10 Science Study Material

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Electricity · Electric Current and Circuit

Electric Current and Circuit

Start with charge flow, potential difference and the correct way to read a simple circuit.

Quick notes

Follow the units

Current is measured in ampere (A), potential difference in volt (V), resistance in ohm ( $Ω$ ), power in watt (W), and energy in joule (J).

Read circuit connections carefully

An ammeter is connected in series. A voltmeter is connected in parallel across the component whose potential difference is measured.

Formulae

Current

$I = \frac{Q}{t}$

Charge flowing per second.

Potential difference

$V = \frac{W}{Q}$

Work done per unit charge.

Key methods

Circuit diagrams

Identify the component, then trace the path of current. Check whether a meter is connected in series or parallel before choosing an answer.

Solved example

A charge of $12$ C flows in $3$ s. Find the current.

1.Use $I = Q / t$ .
2.Substitute $I = 12/3$ .

The current is $4$ A.

Common mistakes

Connecting an ammeter in parallel.
Forgetting to write the unit ampere (A) with current.

Practice

Practise Electricity Important Questions Competency Questions Previous Year Questions

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